Quick reference
- When to use
- Use F31.1 when the client has an established or newly diagnosed bipolar disorder with the current episode matching this code's specifier. Always document history of manic episodes for Bipolar I. Never assign without confirming episode polarity.
- Duration
- Manic episodes: minimum 7 days (or any duration if hospitalized). Hypomanic episodes: minimum 4 consecutive days. Depressive episodes: minimum 2 weeks. Track mood longitudinally with mood charts.
- Session codes
- Pair with CPT 90834/90837 for therapy sessions. Medication management: 99213/99214. Add 96127 for mood screening tools (MDQ, PHQ-9). Crisis: 90839. Consider 90847 for family psychoeducation.
- Key indicators
- Mood episodes (manic, hypomanic, or depressive) • History of at least one manic episode (Bipolar I) • Elevated energy + decreased sleep need • Grandiosity • Pressured speech • Risk-taking behavior • Cycling pattern
What F31.1 represents
Active manic episode without psychotic features. Mania involves elevated/expansive/irritable mood with increased energy lasting at least 7 days (or any duration if hospitalized).
Key diagnostic criteria
- Distinct period of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood AND increased energy (7+ days or hospitalization)
- 3+ symptoms (4 if irritable mood only)
- Marked impairment in social or occupational functioning
- No psychotic features present
Documentation essentials
Document specific manic symptoms, duration, severity, and functional impact. Track sleep patterns. Monitor for escalation.
Differential diagnosis
Rule out substance-induced mania, hyperthyroidism, and other medical causes. Distinguish from hypomania.
Treatment planning
Acute stabilization with mood stabilizers and/or antipsychotics. Safety planning. May require hospitalization.
Insurance & billing
Strong medical necessity documentation. May support higher levels of care.
Updates & changes
Monitor for pharmacotherapy guideline updates.
Documentation pitfalls
Don't miss the energy criterion added in DSM-5. Document safety risks associated with manic behavior.
References
- American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., text rev.).